UTIs in women: prevention, treatment & when to worry

A urinary tract infection (UTI) happens when bacteria get into the urinary system — most often the bladder. They are very common in women, partly because of the body's anatomy, which gives bacteria a shorter path to the bladder. Most UTIs are straightforward to treat, but they are uncomfortable and worth taking seriously.

• A burning feeling when passing urine
• Needing to go more often, or urgently, even when little comes out
• Cloudy, strong-smelling, or pink-tinged urine
• A dull ache in the lower belly
• Feeling generally unwell or tired

A few simple habits can help prevent UTIs:

• Drink enough water through the day to flush the urinary tract.
• Do not hold urine for long periods; go when you need to.
• Wipe front to back after using the toilet.
• Pass urine after sex, which helps clear bacteria.
• Choose breathable cotton underwear and avoid harsh, scented intimate products.

Most UTIs are treated with a short course of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor, and symptoms usually improve quickly. Drinking plenty of water and resting helps alongside treatment. It is important to take any prescribed course exactly as directed, and to avoid self-medicating with leftover antibiotics, which can do more harm than good.

See a doctor promptly if you have any of these, as the infection may have reached the kidneys and needs faster treatment:

• Fever, chills, or feeling very unwell
• Pain in your back or side (around the kidneys)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Blood in your urine
• Symptoms during pregnancy
• Infections that keep coming back

A UTI is common and usually easily managed, but it is not something to ignore — early care keeps it simple.

For more on causes, treatment, and recurring infections, read the UTI guide.